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On July 2nd U.S. President George Bush signed a bill removing 1993 Nobel Peace Prize Winner Nelson Mandela from the U.S. Government’s terrorist watch list. Mr. Mandela, the first black South African President and a widely respected activist, had been on the U.S. terrorist watch list and had to receive special permission from the US Secretary of State to enter the US because of his membership in the African National Congress (ANC). During the apartheid era of South Africa, the anti-apartheid ANC was recognized as a terrorist group by the ruling white South African government and was placed on the US list of possible terrorist threats to the US. Now, Mr. Mandela, who will be celebrating his 90th birthday on July 18th, will be able to apply for a visa to travel to the U.S. without getting special permission.
As the situation with Mr. Mandela shows, the security check system required by US immigration policy to determine eligibility is strict and often leads to frustration for those applying for immigration benefits. Any applicant for US immigration benefits can be subject to a security check, and while for many applicants the security checks will be clear and complete, there are delays, confusion, and on occasion, disappointment. However, becoming familiar with how the security check system works prior to applying for immigration benefits, may help reduce some applicants anxieties about the process.
The USCIS typically utilizes three different forms of background checks when assessing possible risk factors and eligibility issues:
Interagency Border Inspection System (IBIS) name check uses the IBIS database to identify any possible national security or public safety risks an applicant may present. The IBIS database is linked to other organizations’ databases including the FBI’s National Crime Information Center and the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System. It provides information almost instantly and if there is an issue or concern, an applicant’s case will be subjected to further review.
FBI fingerprint checks may be used to compare an applicant’s fingerprints against a national database to get information about the applicant’s criminal background in the US. Most fingerprint checks do not reveal a criminal history or fingerprint match, when there is a match the FBI will send the applicant’s record of arrests, including immigration violations, to the USCIS. Because the investigation of an applicant’s criminal history will show expunged and vacated convictions, the USCIS recommends that applicant’s provided complete and accurate details of their arrests prior to the security check.
Fingerprints are collected from an applicant electronically at a USCIS Application Support Center (ASC) or from a hard copy fingerprint card (FD-258) for applicants who cannot go to an ASC. Applicants who will be fingerprinted at an ASC will receive a fingerprinting notice with an appointment date at the nearest authorized fingerprinting site. If an applicant cannot make his/her appoint he/she will need to reschedule. Since, for immigration purposes, fingerprints only remain valid for 15 months; after that time the USCIS may issue a second fingerprint notice.
FBI name checks are a requirement for many applications and are separate from the fingerprint checks. During a name check, the administrative, applicant, criminal, personnel and other law enforcement agency files are reviewed. The USCIS reports that about 80 percent of the name checks result in no match, meaning no information was found. When information is discovered, the situation must be investigated.
However, there is some good news for applicants submitting adjustment of status applications, applications for waiver of ground of inadmissibility, applications for status as temporary resident under section 245A of the INA, or applications to adjust status from temporary to permanent resident. On February 4, 2008, the USCIS revised its adjudication guidelines. If an applicant has already been subject to the IBIS and FBI fingerprint checks and is otherwise approvable and the FBI name check has been pending for more than 180 days, the application will be approved.
Additionally, since 2007 USCIS has worked very hard in conjunction with the FBI to eliminate backlogs in the name check portion of the security check process. In order to address growing concerns about processing delays, USCIS has set up the following goals:
by May 2008, complete all name checks pending more than 3 years (this goal has been substantially met);
by July 31, 2008, complete all name checks pending more than 2 years;
by Nov. 30, 2008, complete all name checks pending more than 1 year;
by Feb. 28, 2009, complete all name checks pending more than 180 days;
by June 30, 2009, complete 50% of all name checks pending more than 90 daysIn an effort to expedite and improve the security check system, the USCIS continues to make other changes to the background check process. The Background Check Service, a new centralized system of records containing all background check information, was created. Yet, even with these new procedural changes and goals, there are often delays in application processing caused by the security check process. In some situations because of the lengthy and detailed nature of the background checks, it may take months or even years for the USCIS to investigate an applicant and complete a security check. Further adding to many applicants’ worries, while a background check is pending, the USCIS will not release any information about the status of the case or any information that may have been revealed to the applicant or the applicant’s attorney.
While many applicants understand the need for background checks in determining eligibility, it does not reduce the anxiety caused by the process. Because post-911 the USCIS has increased the scope and number of investigations, it would seem that the delays caused by security checks will continue. In addition, as Mr. Mandela’s case shows, a reduction in the processing time does not necessarily mean that an individual’s security check will be clear and complete; there are many other factors that go into the background checks. However, even when facing delays, applicants should not lose hope of their American dreams.
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Founded in 1996, Zhang & Associates, P.C. offers legal services to clients nationwide in all aspects of U.S immigration law. We have successfully handled thousands of immigration cases.
At Zhang & Associates, P.C., our attorneys and supporting professionals are committed to providing high-quality immigration and non-immigration visa services. We specialize in NIW, EB-1, PERM, and I-485 cases. In the past twelve years, we have successfully helped thousands of clients get green cards. If you plan to apply for a green card, please send your CV to Attorney Jerry Zhang (info@hooyou.com) for a free evaluation.
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